Maternal factors: physiological conditions, insufficient milk supply, delayed initiation of breastfeeding, psychological factors, mode of delivery, breastfeeding pain, malnutrition, postpartum depression or anxiety (which may affect prolactin release), and lack of breastfeeding knowledge.

Infant factors: prematurity, illness, and weak sucking ability.

Environmental factors: social, cultural, educational, and economic conditions, living environment, age, marital status, ethnicity, occupation, family support, and the influence of healthcare institutions.